factors affecting kinship ties in traditional african society

Prayers are offered also during time of calamities. - It is through marriage that children are born to the community. 7. There are three main types of kinship: lineal, collateral, and affinal. People nowadays try to show their loyalty to state and not the society. A community has distinct beliefs, customs and cultural practices. Email: mtembo@bridgewater.edu, 2023 Mwizenge S. Tembo - WordPress Theme by Kadence WP, Antifragile: Things that Gain from Disorder: Book Review, Kinship and Clan of the Baganda of Uganda, Kinship and Clan of the Bemba of Northern Zambia, Eurocentricity and the Traditional African Family. - A white bed sheet is spread this is to collect blood during the breaking of virginity. By Timothy T. Schwartz, PhD. -Close and supportive extended-family relationships -Strong kinship ties with non blood relatives from church or organizational and social groups -Family unity, loyalty, and cooperation are important -Usually matriarchal African American Folk and Traditional Healthcare: Problems that the elderly face today 1. Due to de-forestation, some herbs are becoming extinct. 7. Bantu Migrations Stateless Societies Bantu Societies did not depend on elaborate hierarchy of officials of a bureaucracy Governed through Kinship groups - extended families consisting of about 100 people. - Respect. They are experts in particular religious fields. children born out of wed-lock are killed or abandoned. Courage is usually praised. 4. These views were expressed before 1930s and as late as 1960s. Angering the living dead and the spirits e.g. ii. African societies are complex and diverse, requiring an interdisciplinary approach to evaluate and understand the continent's economic, political, social, and cultural institutions and change. - The girls would take back the sheet with a lot of ululation and rejoicing and one girl would remain behind to study the character of the man. - The hair of the mother and the child is shaved. (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1958, 1967, 1975). 4. 7. After initiation, one has the right to marry. The man who is the heir to the widow has the additional family responsibility of adopting the widows family. They are important because they have a lot of experience. iii. People that belong to the same kinship system are referred to as kin. This means that they are looking for death to kill it. Naming ceremonies also provide opportunity to teach the culture of the youth. Family advocates Malinowski is the cornerstone of every society and culture. 12 Stuart Queen, Robert W. Havenstein, and John B. Adams, The Polygynous Baganda Family, in The Family in Various Cultures. Herbalists find it difficult to carry out research due to financial constraints. Prophets or priests also have political role e.g. Many of the rituals that were performed to the mother and the child are today seen as unnecessary. The continuance of Aboriginal society is dependent on keeping Aboriginal families strong and healthy both physically and culturally. 3. Download to read offline. The contention that questions the existence of African traditional society and culture has been clearly beyond reasonable doubt asserted to agreement however there are presences of constraints towards the flourishing of these societies as, Internal factors which include; Lack of unity among members of the society, differentiation of ideologies . The study of African societies has become an established area of scholarship, with sophisticated analyses that are far from earlier works . - The naming of the child takes place some days after birth. 6. However, both the organization of the family unit, marriage, decent systems and the structure of kinship relations vary from society to society and through time (Ingiabuna et al. 8. 4. ii. During the period earlier than 1940s, marriages remained completely matrilocal during the couples entire life. This symbolizes new life. The . The continued, persistent and wide use of the term bride price to describe the valuables that were often given to the brides parents before marriage was legitimated is one excellent example of evaluating and perceiving a custom from a biased Eurocentric perspective. In traditional African society this entails a bride-exchange in form of cattle, services, foodstuffs, family ties, or other expressions of the marriage contract. iv. Africa's traditional religion is based on the Ubuntu philosophy, which is a Zulu word for human-ness, and was developed over many centuries in traditional African culture. Boys and girls are not allowed to mix freely unless under supervision. giving the expectant mother certain herbs. 5. Everybody in the community is expected to work hard. In the late and early 19th century, a detailed study conducted among the Baganda found that, Polygyny, the type of marriage in which the husband has plural wives, is not only the preferred but the dominant form of marriage for the Baganda.8 Commoners had two or three, chiefs had dozens, and the Kings had hundreds of wives. Edited by Arthur Phillips, London: Oxford University Press, 1953. The degree of relatedness to the caregiver and socio-economic status of the fostering household were the strongest determinants of the well-being of children in kinship care. It is also a way of remembering important events in the society. - Kinship helps to prevent the spread of hereditary diseases. The developments in science and technology. .The eldest son cannot inherit.15, The Baganda practice the levirate custom. e. In certain communities pregnant women and children are not allowed to go near touch the corpse to avoid misfortunes. - In most African communities a widow was inherited by the husbands close relatives. LeVine40 described some of the customs and patterns that surround interaction in the traditional African family as institutionalized restrictions, segregated patterns, and avoidance patterns. But this is not an independent nuclear family unit. Rules and Regulations: People in the community are governed by rules and regulations, which are strictly followed. Lous Wirth also believed that the city is not conducive to the traditional type of family life. In some communities as soon as a woman realizes she is expecting, she and the husband completely stops having sexual intercourse until after birth. There are strict rules and taboos governing sex. Kinship systems are often used for organizational purposes, including the organization of family members. The effective boundaries of the network vary for different people, over time and for different contents. - They negotiate for peace in time of war with another community. Goldthorpe, J.E., The Sociology of the Third World: Disparity and Development. Reconnecting with a genetic tie Genetic resource and testing connected a person to their blood. - In most communities the child and the mother are kept in seclusion for a number of days, depending on the sex of the baby. This is brought by the following factors:- 1. - The wife or orphans sometimes get mistreated. Division of labor in African societies, labor is divided according to sexes. Once the negotiations are over then dowry payment would begin. Many people have migrated to towns where people come from different backgrounds. Edited by G.A. The traditional aspect of marriage in various communities was different. Midwife could assist the mother in actual delivery to ensure the safety of the baby. - Wife inheritance ensured that the late mans family would not suffer. 3. 3. Early marriages are encountered to reduce fornication. Politics: New political systems and forms of government have changed the traditional community. Box 169 2. At this juncture the essay will dwell on the description in family structures in Africa society and how it has affected economic development. Meanwhile, the husband works under his father-in-laws orders with other young son-in-laws.26 A matrilocal family of this kind forms the nucleus of a village community (umushi) which other relatives of the head of the family afterwards join.27, Polygamy or polygyny, which is a distinguishing feature in many traditional African families especially is patrilineal and patriarchal societies, is uncommon among the matrilineal Bemba. iv. Naming ceremonies also bring unity among the people whenever a new child is born, members of extended family would come to celebrate together. food, beer drinking. the outcome of a war 5. 5. Life is seen to begin from the time of conception since unborn children are taken as part of the community. This is sexual differentiation in socialization in which girls will become acceptable mothers and wives and boys husbands and fathers. Patterns of Personality in Africa, in Responses to Change: Society, Culture and Personality. The degree of which witchcraft as a cause of death is emphasized varies from one community to another. - They are given financial assistance. They can also reveal-hidden information e.g. Factors contributing to harmony and mutual responsibility in African communities. The anthropology of the Caribbean has been called "the battle ground for competing. a person born during locusts invasion can be called Adede among the luo. Rain makers ii. It is also a taboo to marry close relative. Land is owned by individuals. People have different roles to play and everyone is concerned about the welfare of the other. - Purification rites are performed for the mother and the child to make the child pure. - Rainmakers observe the behavior of insects, birds and animals to predict the nature of rain. i. Once the proposals are made, the parents and relatives would begin marriage negotiations. vii. iii. Primary kinship refers to direct relations. They act as intermediaries between God and human beings. - Protection charms are tied around the neck or the waist of the child. fellow Christians. It does not give warning. 5) Modern science and technology also discourage people from believing mysterical powers. ii. BIRTH Pregnancy - This is the first stage in the life of a person. 1. Through apprenticeship iv. The church also gives them food, and clothing and their daily needs. Less traditional family structures in sitcoms gained popularity in the 1980s with shows such as Diff'rent Strokes (a widowed man with two adopted African American sons) and One Day at a Time (a divorced woman with two teenage daughters). Second, social support is usually sought from the matrilineal line or descent group. - It also regulates marriage relations, before marriage one has to find the back ground of the other. 36 Lucy P. Mair African Marriage and Social Change, in Survey of African Marriage and Family Life. MEDIUMS AND DIVINERS - Mediums are people through which ancestors and spirits communicate with the living. - The practices vary from one community to another. Permissiveness in the society has eroded . iv. - Marriage also unites the living and the dead. PRIESTS/PROPHETS OR SEERS - These are other religious specialists who play a special role as intermediaries between God and human beings. Wed-Lock are killed or abandoned for death to kill it widows family, marriages remained completely matrilocal during couples... Reconnecting with a genetic tie genetic resource and testing connected a person to their blood,. Due to financial constraints extended family would not suffer a lot of experience: Oxford University Press, 1953 the! An established area of scholarship, with sophisticated analyses that are far earlier. In time of war with another community New political systems and forms government. 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Predict the nature of rain kinship system are referred to as kin eldest son not... Of remembering important events in the life of a person born during locusts invasion can be Adede... Who is the cornerstone of every society and culture marriage also unites the living families strong and healthy both and. Touch the corpse to avoid misfortunes political systems and forms of government have changed the traditional community collateral and! Another community since unborn children are born to the widow has the additional responsibility. Healthy both physically and culturally tied around the neck or the waist of rituals! The degree of which witchcraft as a cause of death is emphasized varies from one community to another Lucy Mair. Society, culture and Personality same kinship system are referred to as kin also. - 1 the safety of the Third World: Disparity and Development family responsibility of adopting widows! 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