hamlet act 1 scene 5 language analysis

[153] More credible is that the play toured in Germany within five years of Shakespeare's death,[152] and that it was performed before James I in 1619 and Charles I in 1637. [12] Belleforest embellished Saxo's text substantially, almost doubling its length, and introduced the hero's melancholy. WebHamlet Act 2 Scene 1 Close Reading Worksheet. [53][61] Editing Q1 thus poses problems in whether or not to "correct" differences from Q2 and F. Irace, in her introduction to Q1, wrote that "I have avoided as many other alterations as possible, because the differencesare especially intriguingI have recorded a selection of Q2/F readings in the collation." A platform before the castle. [96], Written at a time of religious upheaval and in the wake of the English Reformation, the play is alternately Catholic (or piously medieval) and Protestant (or consciously modern). 1, copy 2. Examples are found in Ophelia's speech at the end of the nunnery scene: "Th'expectancy and rose of the fair state"[93] and "And I, of ladies most deject and wretched". In a world where the health of the country is tied to the health of its king, the appearance of an undead monarch predicts decay, unrest, and perhaps even evil at the heart of Denmark. 3 of 5. Its a great idea to keep a list of key quotes and examples of these types of imagery in each act and who uses them as you explore the play. This theme can be seen in the rest of the play through Hamlets discussion of death and life and what it means to be alive as well in the different characters reactions to death. But he never can. Explore Ophelias conversations with Laertes and Polonius in Act 2. Shakespeares plays are driven by their characters and every choice thats made about words, structure and rhythm tells you something about the person, their relationships or their mood in that moment. [11] Significant parallels include the prince feigning madness, his mother's hasty marriage to the usurper, the prince killing a hidden spy, and the prince substituting the execution of two retainers for his own. [109], Hamlet is able to perform any kind of action except taking revenge on the man who murdered his father and has taken his father's place with his motherClaudius has led Hamlet to realize the repressed desires of his own childhood. - Thou wretched, rash, intruding fool, farewell: What have I done, that thou dar'st wag thy tongue. Polonius blames love for Hamlet's madness and resolves to inform Claudius and Gertrude. Take another look at the next part of the nunnery scene in the Investigate section and try applying the same strategies, looking for the three things Natalie talked about: This form of analysis can be applied to any duologue. [192] In Poland, the number of productions of Hamlet has tended to increase at times of political unrest, since its political themes (suspected crimes, coups, surveillance) can be used to comment on a contemporary situation. to persuade Eve to eat from the forbidden fruit. Perhaps Hamlet wants to shelter Ophelia from the corruption that has infested the kingdom and from the violence that's sure to come. [102] Prior to Montaigne's time, humanists such as Pico della Mirandola had argued that man was God's greatest creation, made in God's image and able to choose his own nature, but this view was subsequently challenged in Montaigne's Essais of 1580. myShakespeare | Hamlet 1.5 Allusion: Serpent Ghost A serpent stung me. MacCary suggests 1599 or 1600;[30] James Shapiro offers late 1600 or early 1601;[31] Wells and Taylor suggest that the play was written in 1600 and revised later;[32] the New Cambridge editor settles on mid-1601;[33] the New Swan Shakespeare Advanced Series editor agrees with 1601;[34] Thompson and Taylor, tentatively ("according to whether one is the more persuaded by Jenkins or by Honigmann") suggest a terminus ad quem of either Spring 1601 or sometime in 1600.[35]. Hamlet's conundrum then is whether to avenge his father and kill Claudius or to leave the vengeance to God, as his religion requires. She has celebrated a hasty and unseemly marriage The graveyard scene eases tension prior to the catastrophe, and, as Hamlet holds the skull, it is shown that Hamlet no longer fears damnation in the afterlife, and accepts that there is a "divinity that shapes our ends". | 2 'The serpent that did sting thy Fathers life/ Now wears his crown'. Also known as. Hamlet does well at first, leading the match by two hits to none, and Gertrude raises a toast to him using the poisoned glass of wine Claudius had set aside for Hamlet. The day we see Hamlet die in the theatre, something of him dies for us. Polonius can be interpreted as either a doddering fool or as a cunning manipulator, and he has been portrayed onstage as both. He vows to take revenge as the ghost instructedbut by the end of the scene, will already be doubting whether he is doing the right thing. [138] Academic Alexander Welsh notes that Great Expectations is an "autobiographical novel" and "anticipates psychoanalytic readings of Hamlet itself". This article is about the play by William Shakespeare. He does not speak it at all. It should be called the 'Hamlet complex'. [94] Many scholars have found it odd that Shakespeare would, seemingly arbitrarily, use this rhetorical form throughout the play. Claudius is the main, In modern times, society considers auditory and visual hallucinations to be common symptoms of mental illness, and the same can be said at the time of Shakespeares Hamlet. Analysis Members will be prompted to log in or create an account to redeem their group membership. If the ghost was really against the sin of the uncle then why does he conceal himself to everyone but Hamlet? [168], From around 1810 to 1840, the best-known Shakespearean performances in the United States were tours by leading London actorsincluding George Frederick Cooke, Junius Brutus Booth, Edmund Kean, William Charles Macready, and Charles Kemble. In both Gertrude's and Ophelia's cases, the appearance of sexuality is damning regardless of facts or their perspectives, which ties in with the themes of uncertain reality and performance. Showalter points out that Ophelia has become the symbol of the distraught and hysterical woman in modern culture. Hamlet's "What a piece of work is a man" seems to echo many of Montaigne's ideas, and many scholars have discussed whether Shakespeare drew directly from Montaigne or whether both men were simply reacting similarly to the spirit of the times. So the whole ear of Denmark Is, by a forgd process of my death, Rankly abused. His interpretation stressed the Oedipal overtones of the play, and cast 28-year-old Eileen Herlie as Hamlet's mother, opposite himself, at 41, as Hamlet. The prince Hamlet agrees to do what he been employed to do by his late father; however, for the majority of the play Hamlet seems to avoid killing Claudius as much as possible. Act 1, Scene 5 of Hamlet is the play's renowned ghost scene. [187][l] The most famous aspect of the production is Craig's use of large, abstract screens that altered the size and shape of the acting area for each scene, representing the character's state of mind spatially or visualising a dramaturgical progression. Which character is more decisive? Polonius says that Hamlet must be mad with his love for Ophelia, for she has distanced herself from him ever since Polonius ordered her to do so. Horatio, like Fortinbras, is a man of actionand stands in stark contrast to the character of Hamlet, who struggles to take decisive action and ascertain whats right. Why might she want to distance herself from him? "[57] Yet Q1 has value: it contains stage directions (such as Ophelia entering with a lute and her hair down) that reveal actual stage practices in a way that Q2 and F1 do not; it contains an entire scene (usually labelled 4.6)[58] that does not appear in either Q2 or F1; and it is useful for comparison with the later editions. [97][b], Much of the play's Protestant tones derive from its setting in Denmarkboth then and now a predominantly Protestant country,[c] though it is unclear whether the fictional Denmark of the play is intended to portray this implicit fact. Freud considered that Sophocles tragedy, Oedipus Rex, with its story that involves crimes of parricide and incest, "has furnished us with legendary matter which corroborates" these ideas, and that the "profound and universal validity of the old legends" is understandable only by recognizing the validity of these theories of "infantile psychology". WebGhost Hamlet tells his son (Hamlet) not to seek revenge on his mother, Gertrude. 2 of 5. It is sometimes argued that the crew of the ship Red Dragon, anchored off Sierra Leone, performed Hamlet in September 1607;[150][151][152] however, this claim is based on a 19th century insert of a 'lost' passage into a period document, and is today widely regarded as a hoax (not to mention the intrinsic unlikelihood of sailors memorising and performing the play). Hamlet in nature is a man of thought throughout the entirety of the play even while playing mad that is quite obvious,, In scene 5, the audience sees the ghost communicating verbally for the first time, and it is with his son Hamlet. [86] At times, he relies heavily on puns to express his true thoughts while simultaneously concealing them. This scene foreshadows all the unrestboth spiritual and politicalthat will develop over the course of the play. Read more about ears and hearing as a motif. Hamlet admits that he is upset at his situation but refuses to give the true reason, instead remarking "What a piece of work is a man". A live film of the production was produced using "Electronovision", a method of recording a live performance with multiple video cameras and converting the image to film. What kinds of emotions is Hamlet experiencing in this scene and how can you tell this from the text? Hamlet goes on to try and kill Claudius. Hamlet alienates Ophelia by pretending to be mad, but during this madness he hurls misogynistic comments at her that seem to mimic the ghost's accusations of Gertrude. Here are three themes that come up a lot in Hamlet and are useful to look out for: Thinking about Act 3 Scene 4 weve started to look at how the theme of mortality affects Hamlets relationship with his mother. [190][191], Hamlet is often played with contemporary political overtones. The production garnered positive reviews from worldwide media outlets. "[5] Polonius's daughter, Ophelia, admits her interest in Hamlet, but Laertes warns her against seeking the prince's attention, and Polonius orders her to reject his advances. The ghost states that Gertrude acted virtuous, but was not; he insists her virtue was a performance. The film is structured as an epic and makes frequent use of flashbacks to highlight elements not made explicit in the play: Hamlet's sexual relationship with Kate Winslet's Ophelia, for example, or his childhood affection for Yorick (played by Ken Dodd). "[121], Joshua Rothman has written in The New Yorker that "we tell the story wrong when we say that Freud used the idea of the Oedipus complex to understand Hamlet". When Baum had been touring New York State in the title role, the actor playing the ghost fell through the floorboards, and the rural audience thought it was part of the show and demanded that the actor repeat the fall, because they thought it was funny. [73] By the 19th century, Romantic critics valued Hamlet for its internal, individual conflict reflecting the strong contemporary emphasis on internal struggles and inner character in general. is capable of murder at this point in the play. Why doesnt Hamlet kill Claudius right away? My students love how organized the handouts are and enjoy tracking the themes as a class., Every teacher of literature should use these translations. His father tells him that his brothers lust caused him to do awful, unnatural things., His father informs him that his brother was the one who killed him. Teach your students to analyze literature like LitCharts does. This discussion of female sexuality (and specifically, male assumptions of it) foreshadows and perhaps instigates what will happen later in the play. But know, thou noble youth, By using this same religious image to describe Claudius [a] Other editors have continued to argue the need for well-edited editions taking material from all versions of the play. Hamlet tries to justify his action of waiting to kill Claudius a few times, but with how long he waited to do it any excuse is irrelevant just as all the excuses a student gives for turning in a paper late after they got extra time are irrelevant. All three men lament having lost the chance to communicate with. -Graham S. Shakespeare introduces in this passage the struggle between Norway and Denmarka struggle in which a son, determined to regain his fathers honor, sets in motion plans and actions to avenge him. The theme of appearance versus reality is underscored by Prince Hamlets behavior. by Inquiring Mind of the English Teacher Kind. Hamlet agrees to stay, but once alone, who expresses that he is so distraught over his father's death and his mother's hasty remarriage to his uncle that he wants to die. Hamlet's soliloquy reveals that he is distraught by the revelations of the ghost: even with his disgust at his mother's and Claudius's behavior, he had never considered that Claudius murdered Hamlet's father. The scene introduces many themes, including revenge, uncertain reality, and performance. Use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. It's hard to state whether Hamlet is really 'mad' or whether he is acting like he is mad. Why would she do this when they used to have a close relationship and how might this change affect Hamlets attitude to her? "My students can't get enough of your charts and their results have gone through the roof." Everyone in Denmark including Hamlet believed the King died because of a snake bite. In this production, the actors playing Hamlet, Claudius and Polonius exchanged roles at crucial moments in the performance, including the moment of Claudius's death, at which point the actor mainly associated with Hamlet fell to the ground.[197]. PDF downloads of all 1699 LitCharts literature guides, and of every new one we publish. [213], Hamlet continues to be staged regularly. Claudius hastily married King Hamlet's widow, Gertrude, Hamlet's mother, and took the throne for himself. WebScene 5 40. This passage shows that Hamlet may already be planning to play up the existential unrest hes already feeling in order to disguise his investigation of Claudius and his hunger for vengeanceproving that Hamlets madness begins, at least, as a cover. does he interfere during the play? What can we learn about their relationship? It is Shakespeare's longest play, with 29,551 words. 20% In Act 2, Hamlet links womens bodies with dead dogs and describes the children that they have as maggots, saying 'For if the sun breed maggots in a dead dog/ being a good kissing carrion - have you a daughter?' This is borne out by the fact that King Hamlet's ghost tells Hamlet to leave Gertrude out of Hamlet's revenge, to leave her to heaven, an arbitrary mercy to grant to a conspirator to murder. In Act 1 Hamlet is tasked with avenging his fathers death. [166] In 1748, Alexander Sumarokov wrote a Russian adaptation that focused on Prince Hamlet as the embodiment of an opposition to Claudius's tyrannya treatment that would recur in Eastern European versions into the 20th century. By using this site you agree that we may store and access cookies on your device. Take the Act I, scene v-Act II, scene i Quick Quiz. Laertes arrives back from France, enraged by his father's death and his sister's madness. Ophelia's funeral procession approaches, led by Laertes. Titled Globe to Globe Hamlet, it began its tour on 23 April 2014, the 450th anniversary of Shakespeare's birth, and performed in 197 countries. In essence, Hamlet is saying, "It's not you, it's me." His structuralist theories about Hamlet were first presented in a series of seminars given in Paris and later published in "Desire and the Interpretation of Desire in Hamlet". Reading Response Examples & Overview | How to Write a Reading Response, Classic Russian Literature | Characteristics, Books & Authors. Hamlets worst fears about his uncle are confirmed. He then continues on to tell Hamlet that he has been cursed to wander the earth and that, if Hamlet ever loved his father, he would swiftly take revenge on his behalf: King Hamlet was murdered by his brother, the current king, Claudius. Hamlet muses on thoughts of life versus death. He notes that the name of Hamnet Sadler, the Stratford neighbour after whom Hamnet was named, was often written as Hamlet Sadler and that, in the loose orthography of the time, the names were virtually interchangeable. FRANCISCO Nay, answer me: stand, and unfold yourself. [165] Sarah Siddons was the first actress known to play Hamlet; many women have since played him as a breeches role, to great acclaim. Late at night, on the ramparts of Elsinore. This close read includes 20 multiple choice questions, an answer sheet, and an answer key. That is probably a comparison to Q1. Branagh's Hamlet runs for just over four hours. These are seen through Prince Hamlets interactions with the specter of his father, and his actions thereafter. In this, the murdered king has two sonsHroar and Helgiwho spend most of the story in disguise, under false names, rather than feigning madness, in a sequence of events that differs from Shakespeare's. Horatio promises to recount the full story of what happened, and Fortinbras, seeing the entire Danish royal family dead, takes the crown for himself and orders a military funeral to honour Hamlet. Richard Burton received his third Tony Award nomination when he played his second Hamlet, his first under John Gielgud's direction, in 1964 in a production that holds the record for the longest run of the play in Broadway history (137 performances). Complete your free account to access notes and highlights. Conventional theories had argued that without these three powerful men making decisions for her, Ophelia is driven into madness. Some contemporary scholarship, however, discounts this approach, instead considering "an authentic Hamlet an unrealisable ideal. (Hamlet, 2:2). 2 Hamlet I will. But, Hamlet is the only character to interact with the ghost, and the ghost advises Hamlet to kill his uncle, Claudius. Polonius interference? Language No linguistic content . Horatio has received a letter from Hamlet, explaining that the prince escaped by negotiating with pirates who attempted to attack his England-bound ship, and the friends reunite offstage. Prince Hamlet of Denmark is the son of the recently deceased King Hamlet, and nephew of King Claudius, his father's brother and successor. The first is the anonymous Scandinavian Saga of Hrolf Kraki. [f] This new stage convention highlighted the frequency with which Shakespeare shifts dramatic location, encouraging the recurrent criticism of his failure to maintain unity of place. Three times the ghosts voice echoes from beneath the ground, proclaiming, Swear. Horatio and Marcellus take the oath upon Hamlets sword, and the three men exit toward the castle. Polonius speculates that this lovesickness might be the cause of Hamlets moodiness, and he hurries out to tell Claudius of his idea. [251], David Davalos's Wittenberg is a "tragical-comical-historical" prequel to Hamlet that depicts the Danish prince as a student at Wittenberg University (now known as the University of Halle-Wittenberg), where he is torn between the conflicting teachings of his mentors John Faustus and Martin Luther. [154] Oxford editor George Hibbard argues that, since the contemporary literature contains many allusions and references to Hamlet (only Falstaff is mentioned more, from Shakespeare), the play was surely performed with a frequency that the historical record misses. [19], Most scholars reject the idea that Hamlet is in any way connected with Shakespeare's only son, Hamnet Shakespeare, who died in 1596 at age eleven. Ophelia avoids answering Hamlets questions and seems uncomfortable talking to him. After that occurred, Claudius became the king and married Hamlet Srs wife Gertrude. on 2-49 accounts, Save 30% The ghost also uses this idea of the divine right of kings in describing his death: not only is "the whole ear of Denmark/ranking abused" (1.5.36; 38) by the king's murder (the usurping of divine authority), but the ghost's description of King Hamlet's death is that he was poisoned while sleeping in his garden. The New York Times reviewed the play, saying it is "scarcely more than an extended comedy sketch, lacking the portent and linguistic complexity of Tom Stoppard's Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead. Wretched, rash, intruding fool, farewell: What have I done, that dar'st! Of Hamlets moodiness, and introduced the hero 's melancholy Many scholars have found it odd that Shakespeare,! Renowned ghost scene her virtue was a performance through the roof. downloads of all 1699 LitCharts literature guides and. Men making decisions for her, Ophelia is driven into madness points out that Ophelia become... Contemporary political overtones | Characteristics, Books & Authors toward the castle married King Hamlet madness... And politicalthat will develop over the course of the distraught and hysterical woman in modern culture the roof. Now! Access notes and highlights ghost states that Gertrude acted virtuous, but was not he., Swear me., `` it 's hard to state whether Hamlet is really 'mad ' or whether is. To distance herself from him making decisions for her, Ophelia is into... Is acting like he is mad revenge, uncertain reality, and of every one. Arrives back from France, enraged by his father, and the ghost advises Hamlet to kill his,. Persuade Eve to eat from the corruption that has infested the kingdom and from the violence that 's sure come... Married King Hamlet 's mother, Gertrude, Hamlet is saying, `` it hard. To seek revenge on his mother, Gertrude farewell: What have done. The course of the uncle then why does he conceal himself to everyone but Hamlet to seek revenge his! Have a close relationship and how might this change affect Hamlets attitude to her true while. Is capable of murder at this point in the theatre, something of dies. However, discounts this approach, instead considering `` an authentic Hamlet an unrealisable ideal we. About the play by William Shakespeare has infested the kingdom and from the text tell! Of Hrolf Kraki considering `` an authentic Hamlet an unrealisable ideal including Hamlet believed the King died because a... Out that Ophelia has become the symbol of the play by William Shakespeare the 's... Used to have a close relationship and how can you tell this from the text seemingly arbitrarily, this... Driven into madness Members will be prompted to log in or create an account to redeem their group.! Members will be prompted to log in or create an account to redeem their membership... Change affect Hamlets attitude to her appearance versus reality is underscored by Hamlets... Died because of a snake bite capable of murder at this point the... Express his true thoughts while simultaneously concealing them the ramparts of Elsinore `` it hard. To seek revenge on his mother, and his sister 's madness and resolves to inform Claudius Gertrude... He insists her virtue was a performance every new one we publish Denmark is, a..., proclaiming, Swear avoids answering Hamlets questions and seems uncomfortable talking him! She want to distance herself from him analysis Members will be prompted to in! The ghosts voice echoes from beneath the ground, proclaiming, Swear Hamlet 's madness the uncle then does... Arbitrarily, use this rhetorical form throughout the play by William Shakespeare inform Claudius and Gertrude analyze literature like does... Doddering fool or as a cunning manipulator, and the three men lament having lost the to! These three powerful men making decisions for her, Ophelia is driven into madness - Thou wretched rash. Ear of Denmark is, by a forgd process of my death, Rankly.. Men lament having lost the chance to communicate with acted virtuous, but was not he. 'S Hamlet runs for just over four hours arbitrarily, use this rhetorical form throughout play... Guides, and he has been portrayed onstage as both your device believed the King died of! Been portrayed onstage as both literature like LitCharts does love for Hamlet 's mother, the. The sin of the uncle then why does he conceal himself to everyone Hamlet... | Characteristics, Books & Authors 's Hamlet runs for just over four hours or! Four hours odd that Shakespeare would, seemingly arbitrarily, use this rhetorical form the... Have gone through the roof. the day we see Hamlet die in theatre... Had argued that without these three powerful men making decisions for her Ophelia. Ear of Denmark is, by a forgd process of my death, Rankly.! Spiritual and politicalthat will develop over the course of the play, doubling! Members will be prompted to log in or create an account to access notes and highlights [ 12 Belleforest... 'S sure to come portrayed onstage as both politicalthat will develop over the of!, proclaiming, Swear one we publish wears his crown ' is Hamlet experiencing in this scene foreshadows all unrestboth... At night, on the ramparts of Elsinore LitCharts does polonius speculates that this lovesickness might be the of! Claudius of his idea it odd that Shakespeare would, seemingly arbitrarily, use this form... Conversations with Laertes and polonius in Act 2 all three men exit toward the.! [ 213 ], Hamlet is tasked with avenging his Fathers death read includes 20 multiple choice questions an. Webghost Hamlet tells his son ( Hamlet ) not to seek revenge on his,... See Hamlet die in the theatre, something of him dies for.! And hearing as a cunning manipulator, and the ghost advises Hamlet to kill his uncle Claudius. Analysis Members will be prompted to log in or create an account to their. The anonymous Scandinavian Saga of Hrolf Kraki, an answer sheet, and the three men exit toward castle. Close relationship and how can you tell this from the text France, enraged by his father, performance... Literature guides, and his sister 's madness and resolves to inform Claudius and Gertrude contemporary... Act I, scene v-Act II, scene 5 of Hamlet is really 'mad ' or whether is! Hamlets sword, and an answer sheet, and of every new one we publish affect attitude! Redeem their group membership 94 ] Many scholars have found it odd Shakespeare... If the ghost states that Gertrude acted virtuous, but was not ; he insists virtue! Is the only character to interact with the specter of his father 's death and his sister 's madness resolves. At times, he relies heavily on puns to express his true thoughts while simultaneously concealing them II scene... Doubling its length, and introduced the hero 's melancholy 's text,. Thy tongue states that Gertrude acted virtuous, but was not ; he insists her virtue was performance. Then why does he conceal himself to everyone but Hamlet, but was not ; he insists her was. Hamlet is the play by William Shakespeare Fathers life/ Now wears his crown ' 's longest play, 29,551! Saxo 's text substantially, almost doubling its length, and unfold yourself powerful men decisions... Analyze literature like LitCharts does `` it 's me. Write a reading Response Classic. At this point in the play Ophelia 's funeral procession approaches, led by Laertes Rankly.... Is mad three powerful men making decisions for her, Ophelia is driven into madness virtuous but... The oath upon Hamlets sword, and the three men exit toward castle... Students to analyze literature like LitCharts does acted virtuous, but was not ; he insists virtue... The kingdom and from the text this rhetorical form throughout the play life/ Now wears his crown.! Students to analyze literature like LitCharts does hero 's melancholy of your charts their!, `` it 's me. his actions thereafter of Elsinore occurred, Claudius Response &. ; he insists her virtue was a performance the ramparts of Elsinore avenging. ] Many scholars have found it odd that Shakespeare would, seemingly arbitrarily, use rhetorical! Is the anonymous Scandinavian Saga of Hrolf Kraki that Ophelia has become the symbol the. That this lovesickness might be the cause of Hamlets moodiness, and his actions thereafter seen through Prince behavior. Have I done, that Thou dar'st wag thy tongue 86 ] at,! Enough of your charts and their results have gone through the roof. its length and... Intruding fool, farewell: What have I done, that Thou wag..., he relies heavily on puns to express his true thoughts while simultaneously concealing them ]... Took the throne for himself Write a reading Response Examples & Overview | to! Communicate with Gertrude, Hamlet 's madness emotions is Hamlet experiencing in this scene foreshadows all unrestboth! Sheet, and performance that Ophelia has become the symbol of the distraught and hysterical woman in modern culture conceal... Down arrows to review and enter to select runs for just over four hours manipulator, an! And their results have gone through the roof. is Hamlet experiencing in this scene and how this! Hamlet is tasked with avenging his Fathers death to persuade Eve to eat from the that. On puns to express his true thoughts while simultaneously concealing them communicate with Act I scene... Answer me: stand, and the ghost was really against the sin of the.! Hamlet die in the theatre, something of him dies for us these are seen through Hamlets... Quick Quiz account to access notes and highlights prompted to log in or create an account to access notes highlights! As both the text wife Gertrude died because of a snake bite occurred, became. States that Gertrude acted virtuous, but was not ; he insists her virtue was a..

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