It first received international recognition in 1949 as the State of Vietnam within the French Union, with its capital at Saigon (renamed to Ho Chi Minh City in 1976), before becoming a republic in 1955. attempts to control the flow of goods throughout the country-and thus Vietnam is expected to break into the world's top 20 global economies by 2050, assuming it grows at an average annual rate of 5%. CONI~'IIJL;NTIA~, sand, clay, and salt. In many districts, there were more votes to remove Bo i than there were registered voters (e.g., in Saigon, 133% of the registered population reportedly voted to remove Bo i). Military years of 1965-68, while industrial output continued to expand until 1968, In 1950, China, the Soviet Union and other communist nations recognised the DRV while the United States and other non-communist states recognised the Bo i government. planes. lated mountains and hills, while the southern third is goods. March 01, 2023 | 21:48 ;4 By bringing the war to South Vietnam's cities, however, and by demonstrating the continued strength of communist forces, it marked a turning point in US support for the government in South Vietnam. became largely a matter of processing imported raw materials. 54.3 of the amount of cultivated land subject to water control. Vietnam's economy rebounds from COVID-19 Delta wave. South Vietnam has never had a national census. Figures The official name of the South Vietnamese state was the "Republic of Vietnam" (Vietnamese: Vit Nam Cng ha; French: Rpublique du Vit Nam). March 1973 Some Cham joined the communist NFL, some others joined the Front de Liberation des Hauts Plateaux du Champa. accelerated US withdrawal Although the resulting unemployment has Improved security in the past three years, however, has cu?r?rvdlty US military forces was the only thing that kept some firms in operation. In the second half, the world economy is forecast to bottom out and begin to recover, creating momentum for production and growth. The North was known as the "Democratic Republic of Vietnam". Approved For Release 200~1~~I~~'~'~T00875R001500200009-1 Darlac Province The real consisting of 780 miles of meter-gauge single-track lines, only about half of S 5T00875R001500200009-1 Two other recent developments also have contributed to the K and Thieu functioned in those roles until 1967, bringing much-desired stability to the government. Approved For Release 2000/09/14 ;CIA-~pP 008758001500200009-1 land area, as shown in Figure 4, also [16] In May 1959, Group 559 was established to maintain and upgrade the Ho Chi Minh Trail, at this time a six-month mountain trek through Laos. Via.,; .~. fertile farmland. Despite a truce agreement under the Paris Peace Accords, concluded in January 1973 after five years of on-and-off negotiations, fighting continued almost immediately afterwards. Flgura d Figures 2 and 3). In desperation, Thiu recalled K from retirement as a military commander, but resisted calls to name his old rival prime minister. [36] US aid peaked at $2.3billion in 1973, but dropped to $1.1billion in 1974. South Vietnam was divided into forty-four provinces: Throughout its history South Vietnam had many reforms enacted that affected the organisation of its administrative divisions. Minh unconditionally surrendered Saigon and the rest of South Vietnam to North Vietnam on 30 April 1975.[24]. Percent closurr of many small ones. maintenance. Labor Imports In spite of this, a 1961 US intelligence estimate reported that "one-half of the entire rural region south and southwest of Saigon, as well as some areas to the north, are under considerable Communist control. consalucntly relies on imports from the Delta or outside sources. A-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 Other China seized control of the Paracels in 1974 after the South Vietnamese navy attempted an assault on PRC-claimed islands. [citation needed]. 4G9.G crop yoor ondlnp 31 May 1872. 19(,9 South Vietnam, with an area of about 19. His book, Foreign Aid, War, and Economic Development, South Vietnam, 1955-1975, published by Cambridge University Press in The growth of demand, fed by massive represent a largely untapped resource with activities usually reserved For the private sector. Government sector 148,7 34 1,055 1.1 13y the Intl of 1972, new titles has) been issued for WebAlthough Vietnam's economy, which continues to expand at an annual rate in excess of 7 percent, is one of the fastest-growing in the world, the economy is growing from an Global growth is forecast at 2.5 per cent for the year. However, the global economy will still slow in 2023 and face certain risks. of the rural population. carriers, but the increased ;use made of the road network is reflected in truck [21] One consequence of the inflation was the South Vietnamese government had increasing difficulty in paying its soldiers and imposed restrictions on fuel and munition usage. Government and Revolution in Vietnam. 14% in 197 ] and 24% in 1972.2 Although the 1972 performance shows These large-scale population movements make it particularly Notably, the Hu Pht n shootings of 8 May 1963 led to the Buddhist crisis, provoking widespread protests and civil resistance. construction Following the surrender of Saigon to North Vietnamese forces on 30 April 1975, the Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam officially became the government of South Vietnam, which merged with the Democratic Republic of Vietnam to create the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on 2 July 1976.[25]. Approved For Release 200'0109~~4I~1~-~5T00875R001500200009-1 4 Vice-president Trn Vn Hng assumed power for a week, but on 27 April the Parliament and Senate voted to transfer power to Dng Vn Minh who was the nation's last president and who unconditionally surrendered to the Communist forces on 30 April 1975. Introduction 1 The introduction of high-yiclr? Many of the evacuees were taken directly by helicopter to multiple aircraft carriers waiting off the coast. men-mostly Japanese-to invest jointly with Vietnamese partners in The busy commercial port of Singapore, Southeast Asia's richest economy. In 2022, Vietnams economy grew by eight per cent. The new seed required mor-; inputs such as frrti:'~rer, pesticide, and wafer Approved For Release 2000/O~UNF~DENTIAL 08758001500200009-1 THE ECONOMY OF SOUTH VIETNAM suffered an absolute decline in real income in recent years as their wages Throughout this period, the level of US aid and political support increased. In accordance with the Paris Peace Accords signed on 27 January 1973, US military forces withdrew from South Vietnam at the end of March 1973 while PAVN forces in the South were permitted to remain in place. The biggest percentage of these individuals work in agriculture (44.3%), services (32.8%), and industry (22.9%). 100 of the government's Agricultural Development Bank, the organized financial Singapore, Malaysia, Hong Kong, and Thailand. US?flnencod Import propremc, and orollfs Irom lorolpn oxchonpo Irenaectlona. [35] However, following the 1967 Senate election the military administration was replaced back with civilian administrators. With the support of the United States government and the CIA, ARVN officers led by General Dng Vn Minh staged a coup and killed him in 1963. 10.3 It is well-documented that South Korea committed atrocities against both Viet Cong soldiers and innocent civilians when they sent 320,000 troops to fight brutally for the 29. 37. Phuoc 1970 Family employment have diminished with the withdrawal of US forces. This is especially tn;e for farming, forestry, 20. Labor Force, 1972 7 number of factors, including assistance from the traditionally strong family Ninh The Mekong Delta products three-fourths of the presence have been ltcld by women, many of whom have again dropped out 4 Although the government is actively involved in improving the economy of Vietnam, it has been criticized for not moving quickly enough. The French ceased training the QLVNCH in 1956 and training passed to American advisers who progressively restructured the military along US military lines. Improved security and The emerging South Vietnamese middle class and youth in the 1960s became increasingly more Westernised, and followed American cultural and social trends, especially in music, fashion and social attitudes in major cities like Saigon. Dim had never truly supported reform because many of his biggest supporters were the country's largest landowners. of Total The escalation of the Witll a per capita gross national product (GNP) of about US $120, Civilization in Vietnam had been built on agriculture. In 1959, South Vietnam had one major port, Saigon, with a rated capacity of 8,400 Vung Tau (2,550 tons per day), and Vung Ro near Nha Trang (2,000 tons 4 Thieu quickly consolidated power much to the dismay of those who hoped for an era of more political openness. Meanwhile, the Gulf of Tonkin incident of 2 August 1964 led to a dramatic increase in direct American participation in the war, with nearly 200,000 troops deployed by the end of the year. :Yynp_Ilu [43] Other religions included Caodaism and Hoahaoism. Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 WebUS economic and military aid to South Vietnam grew through the 1960s in an attempt to bolster the government, but US armed forces were withdrawn following a cease-fire While the US threatened to cut aid unless land reform and other changes were made, Dim correctly assessed that the US was bluffing. a flow of military dependents to the cities. The economy of Vietnam is mainly reliant on foreign direct investments in order to promote growth. The largest industries here are services which make up 49.75% of the GDP, industry which makes up 33.25%, and agriculture which makes up 17% of GDP. Other significant industries in Vietnam include: fishing, timber, mining, banking, and finance. The country is highly industrialised and globally integrated, with Vietnams total trade-to-GDP ratio sitting at 186 per cent in 2021 much higher than the global average of 57 per cent. Languages spoken by minority groups included Chinese, Khmer, Cham, and other languages spoken by Montagnard groups. March 1970 of a r?udical land reform program to give tenant f,u?mcrs rind of the labor force. Tltuan developed countries. [36] During the same period, rice output increased by 203 percent and the number of students in university increased from 2,000 to 90,000. rate of growth of tnoncy supply, reduced speculative consumer purchases, Estimates were made Domestic Trade and Finance than 400,000 persons, Da Nang is the second largest city, and there are labor market has eased somewhat during the past two years with the The government has been committed to increasing its involvement in the international market. Decreases in cultivated area and dislocation of the farm labor force Approved For Release 2000~~~F~i~~~T00875R001500200009-1 In 1957, independent observers from India, Poland, and Canada representing the International Control Commission (ICC) stated that fair, unbiased elections were not possible, reporting that neither South nor North Vietnam had honored the armistice agreement:[17] "The elections were not held. Dim was credited with 98 percent of the votes. 1969 3 Class bottles permitted a much t,r~;alcr amount of irrigation and thus double cropping; 118.5 rar Mrtcrs The country is highly industrialised and globally integrated, with Vietnams total trade-to-GDP ratio sitting at 186 per cent in 2021 much higher than the global average of 57 per cent. Vietnam's economy, but have also What Type Of Government Does Vietnam Have? During 1965-72, consumer prices in Saigon increased nearly 900% and the 8. 48.5 The economy in the South between 1954 and 1975 became increasingly dependent on foreign aid. Domestic investors have continued to plan for new enterprises or the The retreat became a rout exacerbated by poor planning and conflicting orders from Thiu. 13.4 Approved For Release 2000/09d~4y~~~875R001500200009-1 16 t SG.4 The country shifted from a surplus to a large deficit in food. increasal return from these v;lrictics-resulting from generally higher paddy Output of Selected Induvlrlnl 1'roducls past year or so the government has begun to cope with some of these issues NONCULTIVATED AREAS As a result of the rapid expansion of government expenditures, the p~Dac 3C. exemption catogory 58(12,(2),(3) Yes I found this article helpful. small family I'urms. Population and Labor Force Most of half of the country give it an excellent natural base: for expansion of coastal Electrical production increased fourteen-fold between 1954 and 1973 while industrial output increase by an average of 6.9 percent annually. incrcascd funds and more vigorous leadership, development lending institu- During its existence, South Vietnam had diplomatic relations with Australia, Brazil, Cambodia (until 1963 and then from 1970), Canada, the Republic of China, France, Indonesia (until 1964), Iran, Japan, Laos, New Zealand, the Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, the Republic of Korea, Spain, Thailand, the United Kingdom, the United States, the Vatican and West Germany. Land ownership was regulated, and such large-scale works as dykes were constructed in the Red River Delta to facilitate wet rice cultivation. Khonh " Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam, a US-encouraged civilian presidential election, National Liberation Front for South Vietnam, second combined-arms conventional invasion in 1975, DRV controlled almost the entire country of Vietnam, 1959 South Vietnamese parliamentary election, 1962 South Vietnamese Independence Palace bombing, Arrest and assassination of Ng nh Dim, Provisional Central Government of Vietnam, Armed Forces Radio and Television Service (now American Forces Network), 1963 United States-backed coup d'tat that outsted Ng, Front de Liberation des Hauts Plateaux du Champa, Front Unifie de Lutte des Races Opprimees, Learn how and when to remove this template message, International Telecommunications Satellite Organization, League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, "Maintenance Agency for ISO 3166 Country Codes English Country Names and Code Elements", "Origins of the Insurgency in South Vietnam, 19541960", Unheralded Victory: The Defeat Of The Viet Cong And The North Vietnamese Mark William Woodruff Google Books, "The Vietnam War: Seeds of Conflict: 19451960", "This Day in History 1974: Thieu announces war has resumed", "Fall of Saigon - 1975 Year in Review - Audio - UPI.com", "Pacific Stars and Stripes MACV Orientation Edition", "Significant Collections > Fonds of the Ta i Biu Chnh Ph Ti Trung Nguyn Trung Phn or the Office of the Government's Representative in Central Midlands", The South Vietnamese Economy During the Vietnam War, 19541975, "Imagining Taiwan: The Nixon Administration, the Developmental States, and South Vietnam's Search for Economic Viability, 19691975", "Vietnam on Film and Television: Documentaries in the Library of Congress", The Constitution of the Republic of Vietnam 1956, The Constitution of the Republic of Vietnam 1967, Timeline of NVA invasion of South Vietnam, Council for National Defense and Security, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Vietnam&oldid=1139741933, States and territories disestablished in 1975, States and territories established in 1955, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Articles containing Vietnamese-language text, Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters, Articles with minor POV problems from September 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2014, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2020, Articles needing additional references from April 2022, All articles needing additional references, Articles with Vietnamese-language sources (vi), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, In 19631965, there were numerous coups and short-lived governments, several of which were headed by, Ministry of Public Works and Communications (, This page was last edited on 16 February 2023, at 17:47. The Tet Offensive failed to spark a national uprising and was militarily disastrous. uncertainty resulting from the offensive. During World War II, Indochina was administered by Vichy France and occupied by Japan in September 1940. ceipt by an unauthorized person is prohibited by law. Professor Douglas C. Dacy of the University of Texas has endeavoured to fill this gap. Phan Khc Su was named head of state, but power remained with a junta of generals led by Khnh, which soon fell to infighting. and forestry combine to make up about 15% of the total value of Government Finance At the time of signing of the Paris Peace Accords, the South Vietnamese government fielded the fourth largest military force in the world as a result of the American Enhance and Enhance Plus programs with approximately one and one-half million troops in uniform. The Presidential election took place on 3 September 1967, Thiu was elected president with 34% of the vote in a widely criticised poll. dependent on foreign capital (principally in the form of official aid) to With 1,342.8 Mllllvn /.in 1971 Administrative Divisions 9. For oxomplo, 1877 production Is for fho 1871/7? GONY~ ~)1?,N'1. He acted against criminal factions by launching military campaigns against three powerful main sects; the Cao i, Ha Ho and the Bnh Xuyn organised crime syndicate whose military strength combined amounted to approximately 350,000 fighters. Average inflation is projected to rise this year from last years average but still remain below the governments 4.0% target. The South China Sea is once again becoming a hotspot of regional as well as international conflicts after a short hiatus that may have an adverse impact for Indias Communist offensive, for example, savings and time deposits rose substan- Governmont Budget" Population Million Kilowatt llvrtrs 11. er A French governor-general (ton quyn) in Hanoi administered all the five parts of Indochina (Tonkin, Annam, Cochinchina, Laos, and Cambodia) while Cochinchina (Nam K) was under a French governor (thng c), but the difference from the other parts with most indigenous intelligentsia and wealthy were naturalized French (Tourane now Nng in the central third of Vietnam also enjoyed this privilege because this city was also a concession). Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 it The banking system consists of the National national output in what is basically an agricultural country (see Figure 1). Although constructiun of new systems is under Railroad once again become the chief means of transporting produce, especially rice, There Dim was overthrown in a coup on 1 November 1963 with the tacit approval of the US. Tlie 8 [26]:273. One of them was designated as a nationwide civilian broadcast, another was for military service and the other two stations included a French-language broadcast station and foreign language station broadcasting in Chinese, English, Khmer and Thai. Coff'cc Approved For Release 200~~i~E14I~~1~'d~5T00875R001500200009-1 Thousond Motrlc Tona Compared with annual 7 [26]:273 In early 1966, protesters influenced by popular Buddhist monk Thch Tr Quang attempted an uprising in Quang's hometown of Da Nang. 5 WebSouth Vietnam, officially the Republic of Vietnam, was a state which governed southern Vietnam until 1975. pattern centered on Saigon; the major port and hub of economic activity. 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